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ALLSHIFT/docs/05-business-economics/cost-analysis.md
pepe 72dd781dbc Organize documentation into docs/ and superseded/ 
Audit every document in the repository, convert the non-markdown ones into
markdown reports, and split current documentation from outdated material.

docs/ — 31 markdown documents in seven numbered sections. Twenty are new
reports generated from .docx / .pdf / .xlsx / .mlx / .m sources that were
previously unreadable in the browser and undiffable in git. Each report
carries a provenance block (source path, format, MD5) and links back to its
original; all 13 recorded checksums verify against the files on disk.
Machine-extraction losses (PDF table column interleaving, Word OMML
equations, embedded figures) are called out explicitly rather than silently
smoothed over.

superseded/ — outdated material with a documented reason per entry:
two byte-identical ClickUp re-exports, an older revision of the BIDMC/UCSD
energy-flow doc (the retained copy adds the SoC Violation Rate KPI), a
duplicate of Shift input data.docx, the May 2026 simulation plan, the
root PV+Battery.md now covered by a fuller report, GitHub's stock
demo-repository template, and a zero-byte placeholder. Its README also
records what was deliberately NOT retired and why — the "Old Frameworks"
and "Old Simulations" folders hold unique Simulink revisions, and
"Big Ugly Folder" holds the only copy of framework revision 1.3.

Findings worth flagging, all documented in the reports:
- Simulink lineage recovered from each .slx's internal coreProperties.xml
  revision counter. The current model is
  Current Framework/Bobert0206_Initial_Simulation_Framework.slx (rev 2.7);
  the top-level copy is rev 1.3, five revisions behind.
- Simulations/Constants.m is a truncated byte-prefix of the Current
  Framework copy, silently missing H2_leak, H2_cap and E_H2_vol_h.
- The PEM electrolyser and fuel cell are unmodified MathWorks Simscape
  examples still at vendor defaults; the "10x bigger" sizing TODO recorded
  in Constants.m was never carried out.
- controller-claude.m does not compile — undefined P_Electro_max, outputs
  unassigned on several paths.
- The specification set uses two incompatible variable naming conventions
  and disagrees on action-space size (5 vs 16).
- MA_hourly_load.csv (13.7 MB) is the same 35,040 rows as 89993-0.parquet
  (2.4 MB).
- Clinical data is the MIMIC-IV *demo* (ODbL, 100 patients), not full
  MIMIC-IV — redistributable, but the licence and citation are unrecorded.

Housekeeping: untrack 21 Simulink build artefacts (slprj/, *.slxc) and add
ignore rules for them. Root README rewritten around the new layout.

Recruitment notes naming individual candidates are excluded from version
control via .gitignore rather than committed; the generic question template
is kept in docs/07-team-and-operations/.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-25 21:20:33 -07:00

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# Cost Analysis Excel File
All\_parameters
| index | Category | Parameter | Symbol | Units | Value | SourceType | SourceRef | WhyItMatters | Status |
| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| --- |
| 35 | AI | Additional CO₂ savings vs rule-based | ΔCO2^(S2-S1) | kg/year | | ModelOutput | Emission factors + model | Shows climate benefit of AI beyond existing pilot. | Missing |
| 34 | AI | Additional gas savings vs rule-based | ΔV\_gas^(S2-S1) | m³/year | | ModelOutput | Thermal model + AI scheduling | Extra gas reduction thanks to smarter use of FC heat. | Missing |
| 31 | AI | Average effective electricity price paid for H₂ | p\_H2\_el^(S2) | €/kWh | | ModelOutput | Use hourly tariffs and AI schedule | Feeds into levelised cost of hydrogen. | Missing |
| 32 | AI | Cost of electricity from hydrogen (AI) | C\_H2^(S2) | €/kWh | | ModelOutput | From E\_el, η\_FC, p\_H2\_el | Compare vs peak grid price to see if H₂ is cheaper. | Missing |
| 30 | AI | Energy shifted from peak to off-peak | ΔE\_shift | MWh/year | ModelOutput | Simulation of net grid imports | Key quantity for calculating € savings from off-peak shifting. | Missing |
| 29 | AI | Increase in off-peak H₂ production vs S1 | Δβ\_off | percentage points | ModelOutput | Compare S2 vs S1 | Shows how much extra off-peak shifting AI achieves. | Missing |
| 33 | AI | Peak demand reduction (peak shaving) | ΔP\_peak | kW | | ModelOutput | Net load analysis | Reduced contracted capacity/peak charges → extra savings. | Missing |
| 28 | AI | Share of H₂ production done off-peak | β\_off^(S2) | % | | ModelOutput | RL/AI simulation with ToU tariffs | Core KPI for off-peak generation savings. | Missing |
| 10 | Demand | Annual electricity demand of hospital | E\_hosp | MWh/year | 1000 | Public | Rijnstate Elst hydrogen project description – 1,000 MWh/year consumption | Base load used to scale PV/H2 coverage and express % cost and CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 14 | Demand | Baseline annual gas consumption | V\_gas\_0 | m³/year | | Internal | Gas utility bills | Baseline fossil gas use to compare against H₂-based heating and FC heat recovery. | Missing |
| 12 | Demand | Hourly load profile | L\_t | kW (time series) | Internal | SCADA / metering data | Essential to simulate operation of PV, H₂, battery and grid. | Missing |
| 11 | Demand | Peak electrical demand | P\_peak | kW | | Internal | Load curve / SCADA | Needed to quantify peak shaving from H₂ and batteries. | Missing |
| 13 | Demand | Share of critical loads | α\_crit | % of total load | Internal | Hospital engineering department | Used to quantify resilience and guaranteed power to ICUs etc. | Missing |
| 23 | Pilot | Annual gas savings (rule-based pilot) | ΔV\_gas^(S1) | m³/year | 42000 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ pilot article | Reference performance of current P2P system vs old baseline. | Confirmed |
| 24 | Pilot | CO₂ avoided (rule-based pilot, annualised) | ΔCO2^(S1) | kg/year | 133333 | Derived | 2,000,000 kg CO₂ over 15 years reported by PowiDian → ≈133,333 kg/year | Baseline CO₂ savings from rule-based system. | Derived |
| 47 | Pilot | Cumulative CO₂ avoided over 15 years (rule-based pilot) | m\_CO2\_avoid\_15y | kg CO₂ | 2000000 | Public | Rijnstate pilot figures – 2,000,000 kg CO₂ avoided over 15 years. | Headline climate impact metric for the existing system, used as baseline to compare AI gains. | Confirmed |
| 46 | Pilot | Cumulative gas savings over 15 years (rule-based pilot) | V\_gas\_save\_15y | m³ | 600000 | Public | Rijnstate pilot figures – approx. 600,000 m³ gas saved over 15 years. | Long-horizon view of gas savings; useful for NPV and business case. | Confirmed |
| 25 | Pilot | Energy self-sufficiency (rule-based) | SS^(S1) | % of annual demand | 60 | Public | Rijnstate hydrogen system articles – target up to 60% self-sufficiency | Indicates share of electricity demand covered by local PV+H₂+FC under rule-based control. | Confirmed |
| 27 | Pilot | Fuel cell power profile (rule-based) | P\_FC\_t^(S1) | kW | | Internal/Model | SCADA / H2B2-PowiDian control | Indicates when H₂ displaces grid power today. | Missing |
| 26 | Pilot | Hydrogen production profile (rule-based) | m\_H2\_t^(S1) | kg/hour | | Internal/Model | SCADA / H2B2 control logic | Used for comparison with AI-controlled operation. | Missing |
| 15 | Prices | Average electricity price | p\_el\_avg | €/kWh | 0,18 | Secondary | Anchored on NL non-household medium electricity prices ~0.15 €/kWh (Eurostat/TradingEconomics) plus network/taxes | For high-level cost savings estimation. | Estimated |
| 22 | Prices | Carbon price / shadow price | p\_CO2 | €/ton CO₂ | 70 | Secondary | EU ETS allowance prices in 2024–2025 mostly in €65–75/tCO₂ range; mid-value 70 €/t used | Optional: lets us monetise CO₂ reductions. | Estimated |
| 20 | Prices | Grid CO₂ emission factor | ε\_el | kg CO₂/kWh | 0,315 | Public | PowiDian Rijnstate case: Dutch grid emits on average 0.315 kg CO₂ per kWh consumed | Used to convert reduced grid imports into CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 48 | Prices | Grid electricity CO₂ emission factor (Netherlands) | ε\_el | kg CO₂/kWh | 0,315 | Public | PowiDian case – Dutch grid emits on average 0.315 kg CO₂ per kWh. | Used to translate reduced grid imports into CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 18 | Prices | Grid tariff reduction for off-peak | grid\_disc\_off | % | 65 | Secondary | TenneT flexible off-peak contracts can reduce grid tariffs by up to ~65% for large users | Impacts savings from shifting load away from congested periods. | Estimated |
| 21 | Prices | Natural gas CO₂ emission factor | ε\_gas | kg CO₂/m³ | 1,79 | Secondary | RVO NL "CO2 emission factors for fuels" list: 56.5 kg CO₂/GJ and 31.65 MJ/m³ → ≈1.79 kg CO₂/m³ | Used to quantify CO₂ savings from reduced gas usage. | Estimated |
| 19 | Prices | Natural gas price | p\_gas | €/m³ | 0,6 | Secondary | Based on NL non-household gas prices ~0.04–0.08 €/kWh (Eurostat/CEIC) and ~10 kWh per m³ → ~0.4–0.8 €/m³; mid-range 0.60 €/m³ used | Gas savings (€) = gas saved (m³) × p\_gas. | Estimated |
| 17 | Prices | Off-peak electricity price | p\_off | €/kWh | 0,14 | Secondary | Assumed ~20% below average NL non-household electricity price for valley hours | Used to value electricity used for off-peak hydrogen production. | Estimated |
| 16 | Prices | Peak electricity price | p\_peak | €/kWh | 0,22 | Secondary | Assumed ~20% above average NL non-household electricity price to represent peak ToU tariff | Used to value avoided grid imports at peak times. | Estimated |
| 8 | System | Battery energy capacity | E\_bat | kWh | 500 | Secondary | Order-of-magnitude assumption based on similar PV–H2 microgrid projects (hundreds of kWh Li-ion BESS) | Short-term storage for intra-day balancing and peak shaving. | Estimated |
| 9 | System | Battery round-trip efficiency | η\_bat | \- | 0,9 | Secondary | Li-ion stationary storage typically achieves 85–95% round-trip efficiency | Impacts whether AI should prefer battery vs hydrogen. | Estimated |
| 41 | System | Effective electrical energy per kg of stored H₂ | e\_H2,eff | kWh/kg H₂ | 33 | Derived | 6.6 MWh / 200 kg ≈ 33 kWh/kg usable electrical energy equivalent. | Helps approximate coverage time and compare with other storage technologies. | Approximate |
| 36 | System | Electrolyzer hydrogen production rate | Ṽ\_H2,el | Nm³ H₂ / h | 20 | Public | PowiDian / Rijnstate article – 20 Nm³/h electrolyzer | Links kW input to hydrogen flow; used to derive kWh/kg H₂ and cost per kg. | Confirmed |
| 37 | System | Electrolyzer hydrogen production rate (mass) | ṁ\_H2,el | kg H₂ / h | 1,8 | Derived | 20 Nm³/h × 0.0899 kg/Nm³ ≈ 1.8 kg/h | Used together with power to compute specific energy consumption and H₂ availability per hour. | Approximate |
| 2 | System | Electrolyzer rated power | P\_el | kW | 100 | Public | Rijnstate electrolyzer spec (H2B2) | Limits rate of converting cheap electricity into hydrogen. | Confirmed |
| 3 | System | Electrolyzer specific energy consumption | E\_el | kWh/kg H₂ | 55,6 | Derived | 100 kW electrolyzer / 1.8 kg H₂ per hour ≈ 55.6 kWh/kg | Determines cost and efficiency of converting electricity into hydrogen. | Approximate |
| 50 | System | Environmental classification of hydrogen installation | env\_class | \- | Milieuklasse 3 | Public | Rijnstate article – installation falls under environmental class 3 as closed system. | Indicates permitting complexity and replicability in similar zoning contexts. | Confirmed |
| 6 | System | Fuel cell electrical efficiency | η\_FC | \- | 0,6 | Secondary | Typical PEM fuel cell electrical efficiency for stationary 100 kW systems (~50–60%) | Used to compute kWh output from each kg of H₂. | Estimated |
| 42 | System | Fuel cell inlet hydrogen pressure | p\_FC\_in | bar | 8 | Public | Rijnstate description – pressure reduced from 30 bar to 8 bar for FC. | Relevant for modelling regulation valves, efficiency and safety. | Confirmed |
| 5 | System | Fuel cell rated power | P\_FC | kW | 100 | Public | Rijnstate fuel cell spec (PowiDian) | Maximum power that can be supplied from H₂ instead of grid. | Confirmed |
| 43 | System | Fuel cell waste heat temperature | T\_FC\_heat | °C | 80 | Public | Rijnstate article – fuel cell heat available at ~80°C. | Determines usefulness of waste heat for domestic hot water and space heating. | Confirmed |
| 44 | System | Hot water supply temperature from FC heat | T\_HW\_supply | °C | 50–60 | Public | Rijnstate description – heat exchanger cools to 50–60°C for building systems. | Indicates compatibility with hospital hot water and heating circuits. | Confirmed |
| 45 | System | Hydrogen pipeline diameter to fuel cell | D\_pipe | mm | 12 | Public | Rijnstate article – 12 mm hydrogen pipeline from tanks to FC. | Relevant for flow constraints and pressure drop in the hydrogen supply line. | Confirmed |
| 4 | System | Hydrogen storage capacity | M\_H2\_max | kg | 200 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ storage spec (PowiDian) | Defines how much off-peak energy can be buffered as hydrogen. | Confirmed |
| 39 | System | Hydrogen storage pressure | p\_store | bar | 30 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ storage at 30 bar | Determines storage density and safety classification; relevant for modelling compression losses. | Confirmed |
| 51 | System | Hydrogen system remote monitoring and leak detection | H2\_monitor | yes/no | Yes | Public | Rijnstate description – remote monitoring and H₂ leak sensors around installation. | Supports claims around safety, resilience and AI-enabled monitoring. | Confirmed |
| 49 | System | Number of hydrogen system containers | N\_containers | \- | 2 | Public | Rijnstate description – two containers: one for production, one for FC and power conversion. | Gives physical layout; relevant for replication at other hospitals (footprint). | Confirmed |
| 38 | System | Number of hydrogen tanks | N\_tanks | \- | 2 | Public | Rijnstate hydrogen system description – two 100 kg tanks | Clarifies modularity and possible expansion (space for a third tank). | Confirmed |
| 0 | System | PV area | A\_PV | m² | 2300 | Public | Rijnstate H2 P2P case | Used to estimate PV capacity and annual kWh production. | Confirmed |
| 1 | System | PV capacity (approx.) | P\_PV | kWp | 460 | Secondary | Estimated from 2,300 m² PV area × ~0.2 kWp/m² (typical crystalline PV specific power) | Needed to simulate PV generation profile. | Estimated |
| 7 | System | Recoverable heat fraction from FC | η\_heat | \- | 0,45 | Secondary | Typical CHP fuel cell installations recover ~40–50% of input as usable heat | If heat replaces gas boiler heat, adds extra gas savings. | Estimated |
| 40 | System | Usable stored hydrogen energy | E\_H2,store | MWh | 6,6 | Public | Rijnstate article – 200 kg at 30 bar corresponds to 6.6 MWh. | Quantifies how long the hospital can run on stored hydrogen at a given power. | Confirmed |
Missing parameters
| index | Category | Parameter | Symbol | Units | Value | SourceType | SourceRef | WhyItMatters | Status |
| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| --- |
| 35 | AI | Additional CO₂ savings vs rule-based | ΔCO2^(S2-S1) | kg/year | | ModelOutput | Emission factors + model | Shows climate benefit of AI beyond existing pilot. | Missing |
| 34 | AI | Additional gas savings vs rule-based | ΔV\_gas^(S2-S1) | m³/year | | ModelOutput | Thermal model + AI scheduling | Extra gas reduction thanks to smarter use of FC heat. | Missing |
| 31 | AI | Average effective electricity price paid for H₂ | p\_H2\_el^(S2) | €/kWh | | ModelOutput | Use hourly tariffs and AI schedule | Feeds into levelised cost of hydrogen. | Missing |
| 32 | AI | Cost of electricity from hydrogen (AI) | C\_H2^(S2) | €/kWh | | ModelOutput | From E\_el, η\_FC, p\_H2\_el | Compare vs peak grid price to see if H₂ is cheaper. | Missing |
| 30 | AI | Energy shifted from peak to off-peak | ΔE\_shift | MWh/year | | ModelOutput | Simulation of net grid imports | Key quantity for calculating € savings from off-peak shifting. | Missing |
| 29 | AI | Increase in off-peak H₂ production vs S1 | Δβ\_off | percentage points | | ModelOutput | Compare S2 vs S1 | Shows how much extra off-peak shifting AI achieves. | Missing |
| 33 | AI | Peak demand reduction (peak shaving) | ΔP\_peak | kW | | ModelOutput | Net load analysis | Reduced contracted capacity/peak charges → extra savings. | Missing |
| 28 | AI | Share of H₂ production done off-peak | β\_off^(S2) | % | | ModelOutput | RL/AI simulation with ToU tariffs | Core KPI for off-peak generation savings. | Missing |
| 14 | Demand | Baseline annual gas consumption | V\_gas\_0 | m³/year | | Internal | Gas utility bills | Baseline fossil gas use to compare against H₂-based heating and FC heat recovery. | Missing |
| 12 | Demand | Hourly load profile | L\_t | kW (time series) | | Internal | SCADA / metering data | Essential to simulate operation of PV, H₂, battery and grid. | Missing |
| 11 | Demand | Peak electrical demand | P\_peak | kW | | Internal | Load curve / SCADA | Needed to quantify peak shaving from H₂ and batteries. | Missing |
| 13 | Demand | Share of critical loads | α\_crit | % of total load | | Internal | Hospital engineering department | Used to quantify resilience and guaranteed power to ICUs etc. | Missing |
| 27 | Pilot | Fuel cell power profile (rule-based) | P\_FC\_t^(S1) | kW | | Internal/Model | SCADA / H2B2-PowiDian control | Indicates when H₂ displaces grid power today. | Missing |
| 26 | Pilot | Hydrogen production profile (rule-based) | m\_H2\_t^(S1) | kg/hour | | Internal/Model | SCADA / H2B2 control logic | Used for comparison with AI-controlled operation. | Missing |
Directly derrived values and secondary souced values
| index | Category | Parameter | Symbol | Units | Value | SourceType | SourceRef | WhyItMatters | Status |
| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| --- |
| 10 | Demand | Annual electricity demand of hospital | E\_hosp | MWh/year | 1000 | Public | Rijnstate Elst hydrogen project description – 1,000 MWh/year consumption | Base load used to scale PV/H2 coverage and express % cost and CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 23 | Pilot | Annual gas savings (rule-based pilot) | ΔV\_gas^(S1) | m³/year | 42000 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ pilot article | Reference performance of current P2P system vs old baseline. | Confirmed |
| 24 | Pilot | CO₂ avoided (rule-based pilot, annualised) | ΔCO2^(S1) | kg/year | 133333 | Derived | 2,000,000 kg CO₂ over 15 years reported by PowiDian → ≈133,333 kg/year | Baseline CO₂ savings from rule-based system. | Derived |
| 47 | Pilot | Cumulative CO₂ avoided over 15 years (rule-based pilot) | m\_CO2\_avoid\_15y | kg CO₂ | 2000000 | Public | Rijnstate pilot figures – 2,000,000 kg CO₂ avoided over 15 years. | Headline climate impact metric for the existing system, used as baseline to compare AI gains. | Confirmed |
| 46 | Pilot | Cumulative gas savings over 15 years (rule-based pilot) | V\_gas\_save\_15y | m³ | 600000 | Public | Rijnstate pilot figures – approx. 600,000 m³ gas saved over 15 years. | Long-horizon view of gas savings; useful for NPV and business case. | Confirmed |
| 25 | Pilot | Energy self-sufficiency (rule-based) | SS^(S1) | % of annual demand | 60 | Public | Rijnstate hydrogen system articles – target up to 60% self-sufficiency | Indicates share of electricity demand covered by local PV+H₂+FC under rule-based control. | Confirmed |
| 20 | Prices | Grid CO₂ emission factor | ε\_el | kg CO₂/kWh | 0,315 | Public | PowiDian Rijnstate case: Dutch grid emits on average 0.315 kg CO₂ per kWh consumed | Used to convert reduced grid imports into CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 48 | Prices | Grid electricity CO₂ emission factor (Netherlands) | ε\_el | kg CO₂/kWh | 0,315 | Public | PowiDian case – Dutch grid emits on average 0.315 kg CO₂ per kWh. | Used to translate reduced grid imports into CO₂ savings. | Confirmed |
| 41 | System | Effective electrical energy per kg of stored H₂ | e\_H2,eff | kWh/kg H₂ | 33 | Derived | 6.6 MWh / 200 kg ≈ 33 kWh/kg usable electrical energy equivalent. | Helps approximate coverage time and compare with other storage technologies. | Approximate |
| 36 | System | Electrolyzer hydrogen production rate | Ṽ\_H2,el | Nm³ H₂ / h | 20 | Public | PowiDian / Rijnstate article – 20 Nm³/h electrolyzer | Links kW input to hydrogen flow; used to derive kWh/kg H₂ and cost per kg. | Confirmed |
| 37 | System | Electrolyzer hydrogen production rate (mass) | ṁ\_H2,el | kg H₂ / h | 1,8 | Derived | 20 Nm³/h × 0.0899 kg/Nm³ ≈ 1.8 kg/h | Used together with power to compute specific energy consumption and H₂ availability per hour. | Approximate |
| 2 | System | Electrolyzer rated power | P\_el | kW | 100 | Public | Rijnstate electrolyzer spec (H2B2) | Limits rate of converting cheap electricity into hydrogen. | Confirmed |
| 3 | System | Electrolyzer specific energy consumption | E\_el | kWh/kg H₂ | 55,6 | Derived | 100 kW electrolyzer / 1.8 kg H₂ per hour ≈ 55.6 kWh/kg | Determines cost and efficiency of converting electricity into hydrogen. | Approximate |
| 50 | System | Environmental classification of hydrogen installation | env\_class | \- | Milieuklasse 3 | Public | Rijnstate article – installation falls under environmental class 3 as closed system. | Indicates permitting complexity and replicability in similar zoning contexts. | Confirmed |
| 42 | System | Fuel cell inlet hydrogen pressure | p\_FC\_in | bar | 8 | Public | Rijnstate description – pressure reduced from 30 bar to 8 bar for FC. | Relevant for modelling regulation valves, efficiency and safety. | Confirmed |
| 5 | System | Fuel cell rated power | P\_FC | kW | 100 | Public | Rijnstate fuel cell spec (PowiDian) | Maximum power that can be supplied from H₂ instead of grid. | Confirmed |
| 43 | System | Fuel cell waste heat temperature | T\_FC\_heat | °C | 80 | Public | Rijnstate article – fuel cell heat available at ~80°C. | Determines usefulness of waste heat for domestic hot water and space heating. | Confirmed |
| 44 | System | Hot water supply temperature from FC heat | T\_HW\_supply | °C | 50–60 | Public | Rijnstate description – heat exchanger cools to 50–60°C for building systems. | Indicates compatibility with hospital hot water and heating circuits. | Confirmed |
| 45 | System | Hydrogen pipeline diameter to fuel cell | D\_pipe | mm | 12 | Public | Rijnstate article – 12 mm hydrogen pipeline from tanks to FC. | Relevant for flow constraints and pressure drop in the hydrogen supply line. | Confirmed |
| 4 | System | Hydrogen storage capacity | M\_H2\_max | kg | 200 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ storage spec (PowiDian) | Defines how much off-peak energy can be buffered as hydrogen. | Confirmed |
| 39 | System | Hydrogen storage pressure | p\_store | bar | 30 | Public | Rijnstate H₂ storage at 30 bar | Determines storage density and safety classification; relevant for modelling compression losses. | Confirmed |
| 51 | System | Hydrogen system remote monitoring and leak detection | H2\_monitor | yes/no | Yes | Public | Rijnstate description – remote monitoring and H₂ leak sensors around installation. | Supports claims around safety, resilience and AI-enabled monitoring. | Confirmed |
| 49 | System | Number of hydrogen system containers | N\_containers | \- | 2 | Public | Rijnstate description – two containers: one for production, one for FC and power conversion. | Gives physical layout; relevant for replication at other hospitals (footprint). | Confirmed |
| 38 | System | Number of hydrogen tanks | N\_tanks | \- | 2 | Public | Rijnstate hydrogen system description – two 100 kg tanks | Clarifies modularity and possible expansion (space for a third tank). | Confirmed |
| 0 | System | PV area | A\_PV | m² | 2300 | Public | Rijnstate H2 P2P case | Used to estimate PV capacity and annual kWh production. | Confirmed |
| 40 | System | Usable stored hydrogen energy | E\_H2,store | MWh | 6,6 | Public | Rijnstate article – 200 kg at 30 bar corresponds to 6.6 MWh. | Quantifies how long the hospital can run on stored hydrogen at a given power. | Confirmed |
| 15 | Prices | Average electricity price | p\_el\_avg | €/kWh | 0,18 | Secondary | Anchored on NL non-household medium electricity prices ~0.15 €/kWh (Eurostat/TradingEconomics) plus network/taxes | For high-level cost savings estimation. | Estimated |
| 22 | Prices | Carbon price / shadow price | p\_CO2 | €/ton CO₂ | 70 | Secondary | EU ETS allowance prices in 2024–2025 mostly in €65–75/tCO₂ range; mid-value 70 €/t used | Optional: lets us monetise CO₂ reductions. | Estimated |
| 18 | Prices | Grid tariff reduction for off-peak | grid\_disc\_off | % | 65 | Secondary | TenneT flexible off-peak contracts can reduce grid tariffs by up to ~65% for large users | Impacts savings from shifting load away from congested periods. | Estimated |
| 21 | Prices | Natural gas CO₂ emission factor | ε\_gas | kg CO₂/m³ | 1,79 | Secondary | RVO NL "CO2 emission factors for fuels" list: 56.5 kg CO₂/GJ and 31.65 MJ/m³ → ≈1.79 kg CO₂/m³ | Used to quantify CO₂ savings from reduced gas usage. | Estimated |
| 19 | Prices | Natural gas price | p\_gas | €/m³ | 0,6 | Secondary | Based on NL non-household gas prices ~0.04–0.08 €/kWh (Eurostat/CEIC) and ~10 kWh per m³ → ~0.4–0.8 €/m³; mid-range 0.60 €/m³ used | Gas savings (€) = gas saved (m³) × p\_gas. | Estimated |
| 17 | Prices | Off-peak electricity price | p\_off | €/kWh | 0,14 | Secondary | Assumed ~20% below average NL non-household electricity price for valley hours | Used to value electricity used for off-peak hydrogen production. | Estimated |
| 16 | Prices | Peak electricity price | p\_peak | €/kWh | 0,22 | Secondary | Assumed ~20% above average NL non-household electricity price to represent peak ToU tariff | Used to value avoided grid imports at peak times. | Estimated |
| 8 | System | Battery energy capacity | E\_bat | kWh | 500 | Secondary | Order-of-magnitude assumption based on similar PV–H2 microgrid projects (hundreds of kWh Li-ion BESS) | Short-term storage for intra-day balancing and peak shaving. | Estimated |
| 9 | System | Battery round-trip efficiency | η\_bat | \- | 0,9 | Secondary | Li-ion stationary storage typically achieves 85–95% round-trip efficiency | Impacts whether AI should prefer battery vs hydrogen. | Estimated |
| 6 | System | Fuel cell electrical efficiency | η\_FC | \- | 0,6 | Secondary | Typical PEM fuel cell electrical efficiency for stationary 100 kW systems (~50–60%) | Used to compute kWh output from each kg of H₂. | Estimated |
| 1 | System | PV capacity (approx.) | P\_PV | kWp | 460 | Secondary | Estimated from 2,300 m² PV area × ~0.2 kWp/m² (typical crystalline PV specific power) | Needed to simulate PV generation profile. | Estimated |
| 7 | System | Recoverable heat fraction from FC | η\_heat | \- | 0,45 | Secondary | Typical CHP fuel cell installations recover ~40–50% of input as usable heat | If heat replaces gas boiler heat, adds extra gas savings. | Estimated |
| 52 | Cost\_savings | Annual gas bill savings (rule-based pilot vs baseline) | C\_gas\_save^(S1) | €/year | 25200 | Derived | ΔV\_gas^(S1) \* p\_gas | Monetises the pilot’s gas savings baseline, used to benchmark AI gains. | Derived |
| 53 | Cost\_savings | Annual CO₂ value (rule-based pilot vs baseline) | C\_CO2\_save^(S1) | €/year | 9333,31 | Derived | ΔCO2^(S1) / 1000 \* p\_CO2 | Values the rule-based CO₂ reductions using a CO₂ price. | Derived |
| 54 | AI\_scenario | Additional annual gas savings enabled by AI vs rule-based | ΔV\_gas^(S2-S1) | m³/year | | Scenario | To be set based on AI controller simulations. | Captures extra gas savings potential relative to the current pilot. | To be filled (AI scenario) |
| 55 | Cost\_savings | Annual gas bill savings (AI-optimised, total vs baseline) | C\_gas\_save^(S2) | €/year | 25200 | Derived | Uses rule-based gas savings plus additional AI gas savings times gas price. | Shows total gas bill reduction when AI is deployed. | Derived |
| 56 | Cost\_savings | Additional annual gas bill savings from AI vs rule-based | ΔC\_gas\_save^(S2-S1) | €/year | 0 | Derived | C\_gas\_save^(S2) - C\_gas\_save^(S1) | Explicitly quantifies the incremental euro savings from AI on the gas bill. | Derived |
| 57 | AI\_scenario | Additional CO₂ avoided by AI vs rule-based | ΔCO2^(S2-S1) | kg/year | | Scenario | To be set based on AI controller simulations. | Captures extra CO₂ savings potential relative to the current pilot. | To be filled (AI scenario) |
| 58 | Cost\_savings | Annual CO₂ value (AI-optimised, total vs baseline) | C\_CO2\_save^(S2) | €/year | 9333,31 | Derived | Uses rule-based CO₂ savings plus additional AI CO₂ savings times CO₂ price. | Shows total CO₂-related value when AI is deployed. | Derived |
| 59 | Cost\_savings | Additional annual CO₂ value from AI vs rule-based | ΔC\_CO2\_save^(S2-S1) | €/year | 0 | Derived | C\_CO2\_save^(S2) - C\_CO2\_save^(S1) | Shows extra monetised CO₂ savings due to AI. | Derived |
| 60 | AI\_scenario | Energy shifted from peak to off-peak by AI (vs rule-based) | ΔE\_shift | MWh/year | | Scenario | To be set based on AI controller simulations. | Quantifies how much load AI moves from expensive to cheap hours. | To be filled (AI scenario) |
| 61 | Cost\_savings | Annual energy price savings from peak→off-peak shifting (AI vs rule-based) | C\_shift | €/year | 0 | Derived | ΔE\_shift \* 1000 \* (p\_peak - p\_off) | Values the benefit of buying more electricity off-peak instead of at peak prices. | Derived |
| 62 | AI\_scenario | Reduction in grid peak demand enabled by AI vs rule-based | ΔP\_peak | kW | | Scenario | To be set based on AI controller simulations. | Captures reduction in contracted/measured peak load due to AI scheduling. | To be filled (AI scenario) |
| 63 | Prices | Grid capacity tariff (indicative, adjust to contract) | p\_cap | €/kW/year | 100 | Secondary | Indicative Dutch-style capacity tariff; replace with hospital-specific value. | Allows monetisation of ΔP\_peak as annual euro savings. | Estimated |
| 64 | Cost\_savings | Annual capacity tariff savings from AI vs rule-based | C\_cap\_save | €/year | 0 | Derived | ΔP\_peak \* p\_cap | Values the benefit of reducing grid peak demand through AI scheduling. | Derived |
Cost Savings (Needs the missing values to show valuable info)
| Metric | Symbol | Units | Baseline S0 (no H₂) | Rule-based S1 (pilot) | AI-optimised S2 | Δ S1–S0 | Δ S2–S1 |
| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---| --- |
| Annual gas savings vs baseline | ΔV\_gas | m³/year | 0 | 42000 | 42000 | 42000 | 0 |
| Gas bill savings vs baseline | C\_gas\_save | €/year | 0 | 25200 | 25200 | 25200 | 0 |
| CO₂ avoided vs baseline | ΔCO2 | kg/year | 0 | 133333 | 133333 | 133333 | 0 |
| CO₂ value vs baseline | C\_CO2\_save | €/year | 0 | 9333,31 | 9333,31 | 9333,31 | 0 |
| Energy price savings from peak→off-peak shifting | C\_shift | €/year | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Capacity tariff savings | C\_cap\_save | €/year | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total annual impact (gas + CO₂ value + shifting + capacity) | C\_total | €/year | 0 | 167866,31 | 167866,31 | 0 | 0 |
AI scenario
| C\_shift^(S2-S1) \[€/year\] | C\_cap\_save^(S2-S1) \[€/year\] | ΔC\_tot^(S2-S1) \[€/year\] | C\_tot^(S1-S0) \[€/year\] | C\_tot^(S2-S0) \[€/year\] |
| ---| ---| ---| ---| --- |
| 4000 | 5000 | 10523,13 | 167866,31 | 178389,44 |
| 8000 | 10000 | 21046,26 | 167866,31 | 188912,57 |
| 16000 | 15000 | 35569,39 | 167866,31 | 203435,7 |
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